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Mayo Test ID ALADW Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase, Washed Erythrocytes


Ordering Guidance


This assay is not useful in assessment of lead intoxication as it reactivates aminolevulinic acid dehydratase that has been inhibited by lead. The preferred test for lead toxicity is PBDV / Lead, Venous, with Demographics, Blood.



Necessary Information


1. Volume of packed cells and total volume of specimen (red cells + saline) are required and must be sent with specimen.

2. Patient's age is required

3. Include a list of medications the patient is currently taking.



Specimen Required


Patient Preparation: Patient must not consume any alcohol for 24 hours before specimen collection. This is essential as ethanol suppresses aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, leading to false-positive results.

Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Green top (sodium heparin)

Acceptable: Lavender top (EDTA) or green top (lithium heparin)

Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial

Specimen Volume: Entire washed erythrocyte suspension

Collection Instructions: Collect and process whole blood specimen as follows:

1. Transfer entire specimen to a 12-mL graduated centrifuge tube.

2. Centrifuge specimen at 4° C for 10 minutes at 2000 rpm.

3. Record volume of packed cells and the total volume of the specimen.

4. Discard supernatant plasma.

5. Wash packed erythrocytes 2 times by resuspension of at least an equal amount of cold 0.9% saline, mix, and centrifuge for 5 minutes at 2000 rpm, discarding supernatant after each washing.

6. Resuspend packed cells to the original total volume with 0.9% saline. Invert specimen gently to mix.


Useful For

Confirmation of a diagnosis of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria using washed erythrocyte specimens

 

This test is not useful for detecting lead intoxication.

Method Name

Enzymatic End point/Spectrofluorometric

Reporting Name

ALA Dehydratase, RBC

Specimen Type

Washed RBC

Specimen Minimum Volume

1 mL of washed and resuspended erythrocytes

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Washed RBC Frozen (preferred) 7 days
  Refrigerated  14 days
  Ambient  4 days

Reject Due To

Cell suspension not available Reject

Clinical Information

Porphyrias are a group of inherited disorders resulting from enzyme defects in the heme biosynthetic pathway. A defect in the second enzyme of this pathway causes 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase (ALAD) deficiency porphyria (ADP). A marked deficiency of ALAD causes the accumulation and subsequent urinary excretion of large amounts of ALA. Urinary porphobilinogen remains essentially normal, which rules out other forms of acute porphyria.

 

ADP is an autosomal recessive acute hepatic porphyria that produces neurologic symptoms similar to those seen in acute intermittent porphyria. Symptoms include acute abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. Respiratory impairment, seizures, and psychosis are possible during an acute period. ADP is extremely rare with only 8 cases described in the literature since 1979.

 

The workup of patients with a suspected porphyria is most effective when following a stepwise approach. Molecular confirmation is available; order CGPH / Custom Gene Panel, Hereditary, Next-Generation Sequencing, Varies; specify ALAD Gene List ID: IEMCP-D81317. See Porphyria (Acute) Testing Algorithm or call 800-533-1710 to discuss testing strategies.

Reference Values

Reference ranges have not been established for patients who are younger than 16 years.

 

≥4.0 nmol/L/sec

3.5-3.9 nmol/L/sec (indeterminate)

<3.5 nmol/L/sec (diminished)

Interpretation

Abnormal results are reported with a detailed interpretation including an overview of the results and their significance, a correlation to available clinical information provided with the specimen, differential diagnosis, and recommendations for additional testing when indicated and available.

Cautions

False-positive values may result from enzyme degradation due to improper specimen handling. It is essential to adhere to instructions outlined in the Specimen Required and the Specimen Stability Information fields.

Clinical Reference

1. Tortorelli S, Kloke K, Raymond K. Disorders of porphyrin metabolism. In: Dietzen DG, Bennett MJ, Wong ECC, eds. Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Pediatric Disease. 4th ed. AACC Press; 2010:307-324

2. Nuttall KL, Klee GG. Analytes of hemoglobin metabolism - porphyrins, iron, and bilirubin. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 5th ed. WB Saunders Company; 2001:584-607

3. Anderson KE, Sassa S, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ. Disorders of heme biosynthesis: X-linked sideroblastic anemia and the porphyrias. In: Valle D, Antonarakis S, Ballabio A, Beaudet AL, Mitchell GA, eds. The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. McGraw-Hill, 2019. Accessed April 19, 2024. Available at https://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=225540906&bookid=2709

4. Lahiji AP, Anderson KE, Chan A. 5-Aminolevulinate dehydratase porphyria: Update on hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase induction and long-term response to hemin. Mol Genet Metab. 2020;131(4):418-423. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.10.011

Method Description

Measurement of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase (ALAD) activity is based on the rate of synthesis of uroporphyrin from ALA in incubated, lysed erythrocytes. Low yield of uroporphyrin from ALA indicates a deficiency of ALAD.(Unpublished Mayo method)

Day(s) Performed

Thursday

Report Available

2 to 8 days

Specimen Retention Time

14 days

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

82657

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
ALADW ALA Dehydratase, RBC 2813-4

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
31946 ALA Dehydratase 2813-4
31948 Interpretation 59462-2
BG573 Total Cell Suspension 94496-7
BG574 Packed Cell Volume 94497-5
606469 Reviewed By 18771-6