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HelpMayo Test ID APPI Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Immunostain, Technical Component Only
Ordering Guidance
This test includes only technical performance of the stain (no pathologist interpretation is performed). If diagnostic consultation by a pathologist is required order PATHC / Pathology Consultation.
Shipping Instructions
Attach the green pathology address label and the pink Immunostain Technical Only label included in the kit to the outside of the transport container.
Specimen Required
Specimen Type: Tissue
Supplies: Immunostain Technical Only Envelope (T693)
Container/Tube: Immunostain Technical Only Envelope
-Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue block
OR
-2 Unstained, positively charged glass slides (25- x 75- x 1-mm) per test ordered; sections 4-microns thick
Acceptable: None
Useful For
Aids in the identification of amyloid precursor protein present in Alzheimer disease
Reflex Tests
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| IHTOI | IHC Initial, Tech Only | No | No |
| IHTOA | IHC Additional, Tech Only | No | No |
Method Name
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Reporting Name
Amyloid Prec Protein IHC, Tech OnlySpecimen Type
TECHONLYSpecimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| TECHONLY | Ambient (preferred) | ||
| Refrigerated | |||
Reject Due To
| Wet/frozen tissue Cytology smears Nonformalin fixed tissue Nonparaffin embedded tissue Noncharged slides ProbeOn slides Snowcoat slides |
Reject |
Clinical Information
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is present in Alzheimer disease-associated plaques, large pyramidal cells as well as smaller neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Histologic features of Alzheimer disease include the presence of abundant neurofibrillary, tangles, neuropil threads, and neuritic ("senile") plaques. The main component of senile plaque amyloid is a 39- to 42-amino acid segment referred to as beta amyloid, which is derived from APP.
Interpretation
This test does not include pathologist interpretation, only technical performance of the stain. If interpretation is required, order PATHC / Pathology Consultation for a full diagnostic evaluation or second opinion of the case.
The positive and negative controls are verified as showing appropriate immunoreactivity and documentation is retained at Mayo Clinic Rochester. If a control tissue is not included on the slide, a scanned image of the relevant quality control tissue is available upon request; call 855-516-8404.
Interpretation of this test should be performed in the context of the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests by a qualified pathologist.
Cautions
Age of a cut paraffin section can affect immunoreactivity. Stability thresholds vary widely among published literature and are antigen dependent. Best practice is for paraffin sections to be cut within 6 weeks.
The charge of glass slides can be affected by environmental factors and subsequently may alter slide staining. Sending unsuitable glass slides can result in inconsistent staining due to poor slide surface chemistry.
Best practices for storage of positively charged slides:
-Minimize time slides are stored after being unpackaged
-Limit exposure to high humidity and heat
-Minimize exposure to plastics
Clinical Reference
1. Ahlgren S, Li GL, Olsson Y. Accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin in axons after spinal cord trauma in humans: immunohistochemical observations on autopsy material. Acta Neuropathol. 1996;92(1):49-55
2. Craggs LJ, Yamamoto Y, Ihara M, et al. White matter pathology and disconnection in the frontal lobe in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2014;40(5):591-602
3. Dermaut B, Kumar-Singh S, De Jonghe C, et al. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a pathogenic lesion in Alzheimer's disease due to a novel presenilin 1 mutation. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 12):2383-2392
4. Reichard RR, White CL 3rd, Hogan RN, Hladik CL, Dolinak D. Beta-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of pediatric traumatic optic nerve injury. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(4):822-827
5. Sawaguchi T, Franco P, Kadhim H, et al: Investigation into the correlation in SIDS victims between Alzheimer precursor protein A4 in the brainstem and sleep apnea. Early Hum Dev. 2003;75 Suppl:S21-S30.
6. Magaki S, Hojat SA, Wei B, So A, Yong WH. An introduction to the performance of immunohistochemistry. Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1897:289-298. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8935-5_25
Method Description
Immunohistochemistry on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue.(Unpublished Mayo method)
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
1 to 3 daysSpecimen Retention Time
Until staining is complete.Performing Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Test Classification
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.CPT Code Information
88342-TC, primary
88341-TC, if additional IHC
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| APPI | Amyloid Prec Protein IHC, Tech Only | Order only;no result |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| 70670 | Amyloid Prec Protein IHC, Tech Only | Bill only; no result |
Testing Algorithm
For the initial technical component only immunohistochemical (IHC) stain performed, the appropriate bill-only test ID will be reflexed and charged (IHTOI). For each additional technical component only IHC stain performed, an additional bill-only test ID will be reflexed and charged (IHTOA).