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Mayo Test ID LADV Adenovirus, Molecular Detection, PCR, Varies


Necessary Information


Specimen source is required.



Specimen Required


Submit only 1 of the following specimens:

 

Specimen Type: Body fluid

Sources: Pleural, peritoneal, ascites, pericardial, or amniotic

Container/Tube: Sterile container

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions: Do not centrifuge.

 

Specimen Type: Respiratory

Sources: Bronchial washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, nasopharyngeal aspirate or washing, sputum, or tracheal aspirate

Container/Tube: Sterile container

Specimen Volume: 1 mL

 

Specimen Type: Spinal fluid

Container/Tube: Sterile vial

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions: Do not centrifuge.

 

Specimen Type: Stool

Supplies: Stool Collection Kit, Random (T635)

Container/Tube: Sterile container

Specimen Volume: 1 g

 

Specimen Type: Swab

Supplies: M4-RT (T605)

Sources: Nasal, throat, respiratory, genital, or ocular

Container/Tube: Multimicrobe media (M4-RT) and Eswabs

Specimen Volume: Entire specimen

Collection Instructions: Place swab back into a multimicrobe media (M4-RT, M4, or M5).

 

Specimen Type: Tissue

Supplies: M4-RT (T605)

Container/Tube: Sterile container containing 1 mL to 2 mL of sterile saline or multimicrobe medium (M4-RT, M4, or M5)

Specimen Volume: Entire collection

Collection Instructions: Collect fresh tissue specimen.

 

Specimen Type: Urine

Container/Tube: Sterile container

Specimen Volume: 1 mL

Collection Instructions: Collect a random urine specimen.


Useful For

Aiding in the diagnosis of adenovirus infections

Method Name

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)/DNA Probe Hybridization

Reporting Name

Adenovirus PCR

Specimen Type

Varies

Specimen Minimum Volume

Body fluid and respiratory specimens: 0.5 mL
Spinal fluid and urine: 0.3 mL
Stool: 0.5 g
Swab or Tissue: See Specimen Required

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Varies Refrigerated (preferred) 7 days
  Frozen  7 days

Reject Due To

Calcium alginate-tipped swab
Wood swab
Transport swab containing gel		 Reject

Clinical Information

Human adenoviruses cause a variety of diseases, including pneumonia, cystitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, hepatitis, myocarditis, and encephalitis. In humans, adenoviruses have been recovered from almost every organ system. Infections can occur at any time of the year and in all age groups. Currently, there are over 50 adenovirus serotypes that have been grouped into 6 separate subgenera.

 

Although adenovirus can be recovered in cell culture, it can take up to 3 weeks for the virus to be identified by culture methods (Mayo Clinic's shell vial culture provides more rapid results, reported at 2 and 5 days). Serological tests have faster turnaround times but can be less sensitive compared to culture. Polymerase chain reaction assays offer a rapid, specific, and sensitive means of diagnosis by detecting adenovirus DNA.

Reference Values

Negative

Interpretation

A positive result indicates the presence of adenovirus DNA in the clinical specimen.

 

A negative result does not rule out the presence of adenovirus because viral DNA may be present at levels below the detection limits of this assay.

Cautions

Test results should be used as an aid in diagnosis and should not be considered diagnostic in themselves.

 

Although the reference range is generally considered to be "Negative" for this assay, adenovirus DNA may be detected from asymptomatic individuals in certain settings. This assay should only be used to test patients with clinical history and symptoms consistent with adenovirus disease, and is not used to screen healthy patients.   

Clinical Reference

1. Florescu DF, Schaenman JM. Adenovirus in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019;33(9):e13527

2. Buckwalter SP, Teo R, Espy MJ, Sloan LM, Smith TF, Pritt BS. Real-time qualitative PCR for 57 human adenovirus types from multiple specimen sources. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(3):766-771. doi:10.1128/jcm.05629-11

3. Ebner K, Pinsker W, Lion T. Comparative sequence analysis of the hexon gene in the entire spectrum of human adenovirus serotypes: phylogenetic, taxonomic, and clinical implications. J Virol. 2005;79(20):12635-12642

4. Ebner K, Suda M, Watzinger F, Lion T. Molecular detection and quantitative analysis of the entire spectrum of human adenoviruses by a two-reaction real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(7):3049-3053

5. Jothikumar N, Cromeans TL, Hill VR, Lu X, Sobsey MD, Erdman DD. Quantitative real-time PCR assays for the detection of human adenoviruses and identification of serotypes 40 and 41. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71(6):3131-3136

6. Robinson C, Echavarria M: Adenovirus. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. ASM Press; 2007:1589-1600

7. Kaneko H, Maruko I, Iida T, et al. The possibility of human adenovirus detection from the conjunctiva in asymptomatic cases during a nosocomial infection. Cornea. 2008;27(5):527-530

Method Description

Respiratory, swabs, stools, tissues, plasma, and urine samples are processed according to specimen source. Viral nucleic acid is extracted by the MagNA Pure automated instrument (Roche Applied Science). Primers and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes target a relatively conserved 185 base-pair region of the adenovirus penton gene. The LightCycler instrument (Roche Applied Science) amplifies and monitors the development of target nucleic acid sequences after the annealing step during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycling. This automated PCR system rapidly detects amplicon development through stringent air-controlled temperature cycling in capillary cuvettes. The detection of amplified products is based on the FRET principle. For FRET product detection, a hybridization probe with a donor fluorophore, fluorescein, on the 3'-end is excited by an external light source and emits light that is absorbed by a second hybridization probe with an acceptor fluorophore, LC-Red 640, at the 5'-end. The acceptor fluorophore then emits a light of a different wavelength that can be measured with a signal that is proportional to the amount of specific PCR product.(Unpublished Mayo method)

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Friday

Report Available

2 to 5 days

Specimen Retention Time

1 week

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

87798

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
LADV Adenovirus PCR 39528-5

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
SRC65 Specimen Source 31208-2
89074 Adenovirus PCR 39528-5