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HelpMayo Test ID MPCDS mSMART, Plasma Cell Proliferative Disorder, FISH, Bone Marrow
Specimen Required
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see MSMRT / Mayo Algorithmic Approach for Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy Report, Bone Marrow.
Specimen Type: Redirected bone marrow
Preferred: Yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Lavender top (EDTA) or green top (heparin)
Specimen Volume: 4 mL
Useful For
Aiding in the diagnosis of new cases of multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders as a part of a profile
Identifying prognostic markers based on the anomalies found
Testing Algorithm
This test is designed for diagnostic specimens from patients with multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders.
For diagnostic samples, all probes in the initial panel will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified. The initial panel includes testing for the following the probes listed:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
14q32 rearrangement, IGH break-apart
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following abnormalities using the probes listed:
t(11;14)(q13;q32), CCND1/IGH fusion
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
t(6;14)(p21;q32) CCND3/IGH fusion
Hyperdiploidy will be evaluated and reported by flow cytometry as part of this evaluation and incorporated into the final interpretation. For samples with an unsuccessful flow evaluation for hyperdiploidy and with sufficient plasma cells, fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for the following abnormalities will be performed using the probes listed:
+3/+7, D3Z1/D7Z1
+9/+15, D9Z1/D15Z4
For specimens sent for follow-up testing after completion of initial testing, the following probes will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial follow-up panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following high- risk abnormalities that were originally identified in the diagnostic specimen, using the probes listed:
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
If a diagnostic sample was uninformative for a probe set due to an insufficient number of plasma cells, attempts may be made to achieve results for the missing probe on a subsequent sample (if sufficient plasma cells are identified).
Appropriate ancillary probes may be performed at consultant discretion to render comprehensive assessment. Any additional probes will have the results included within the final report and will be performed at an additional charge.
Method Name
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see MSMRT / Mayo Algorithmic Approach for Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy Report, Bone Marrow.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Reporting Name
mSMART Eval, PCPDs, FISHSpecimen Type
Bone MarrowSpecimen Minimum Volume
2 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow | Ambient (preferred) | ||
| Refrigerated | |||
Reject Due To
All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.Clinical Information
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic neoplasm that generally originates in the bone marrow and develops from malignant plasma cells. There are 4 main categories of plasma cell proliferative disorders: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (amyloidosis), plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma. MGUS, which occurs in 3% to 4% of individuals over age 50 years, represents the identification of an asymptomatic monoclonal protein, yet approximately 1% per year will progress to multiple myeloma. Amyloidosis represents a rare group of deposition disorders including primary amyloidosis vs. light-chain and heavy-chain disease. Plasmacytomas represent isolated collections of bone or extramedullary plasma cells with a risk for development of multiple myeloma. Generalized bone pain, anemia, limb numbness or weakness, symptoms of hypercalcemia, and recurrent infections are all symptoms that may indicate multiple myeloma.
As myeloma progresses, the malignant plasma cells interfere with normal blood product formation in the bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. Myeloma also causes an overstimulation of osteoclasts, causing excessive breakdown of bone tissue without the normal corresponding bone formation. These bone lesions are seen in approximately 66% of myeloma patients. In advanced disease, bone loss may reach a degree where the patient suffers fractures easily.
Multiple myeloma is increasingly recognized as a disease characterized by marked cytogenetic, molecular, and proliferative heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is manifested clinically by varying degrees of disease aggressiveness. Patients with more aggressive multiple myeloma experience suboptimal responses to some therapeutic approaches; therefore, identifying these patients is critically important for selecting appropriate treatment options.
Reference Values
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see MSMRT / Mayo Algorithmic Approach for Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy Report, Bone Marrow.
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
A neoplastic clone is detected when the percent of cells with an abnormality exceeds the normal reference range for any given probe.
The absence of an abnormal clone does not rule out the presence of neoplastic disorder.
Cautions
This test is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and it is best used as an adjunct to clinical and pathologic information.
Clinical Reference
1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds: WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. IARC Press; 2017. WHO Classification of Tumours, Vol 2
2. Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV: The multiple myelomas-current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018 Jul;15(7):409-421. doi: 10.1038/s41571-018-0018-y
3. Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Mateos MV: Smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015 May 14;125(20):3069-3075. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-568899
4. Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Kumar SK, et al: Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in untreated AL amyloidosis has an independent prognostic impact by abnormality type and treatment category. Leukemia. 2017 Jul;31(7);1562-1569. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.369
5. Lakshman A, Paul S, Rajkumar SV, et al: Prognostic significance of interphase FISH in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Leukemia. 2018 Aug;32(8);1811-1815. doi: 10.1038/s41375-018-0030-3
6. Bochtler T, Hegenbart U, Kunz C, et al: Prognostic impact of cytogenetic aberrations in AL amyloidosis patients after high-dose melphalan: a long-term follow-up study. Blood. 2016 Jul 28;128(4):594-602. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-676361
7. Treatment guidelines: multiple myeloma. mSMART 3.0. Accessed May 09, 2023. Available at www.msmart.org/mm-treatment-guidelines
Method Description
This test is performed using commercially available and laboratory-developed probes. Deletion or monosomy of chromosome 17, copy number gain of 1q, and additional copies of chromosomes 3, 7, 9, and 15 are detected using enumeration strategy probes. Translocations involving IGH are detected using dual-color, dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization strategy probes. Rearrangement of IGH and MYC are detected using a break-apart strategy probe. For each probe set, 50 plasma cells (if possible) are scored and the result for each probe is reported. (Unpublished Mayo method)
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
7 to 10 daysSpecimen Retention Time
14 daysPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Test Classification
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.CPT Code Information
88271 x 2, 88274, 88291-FISH Probe, Analysis, Interpretation; 1 probe set
88271 x 2, 88274-FISH Probe, Analysis; each additional probe set (if appropriate)
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| MPCDS | mSMART Eval, PCPDs, FISH | 93357-2 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| 606091 | mSMART Result Summary | 62357-9 |
| 606092 | mSMART Evaluation | 57802-1 |
| 606093 | Interpretation | 69965-2 |
| 606094 | Result Table | 93356-4 |
| 606095 | Result | 62356-1 |
| 606096 | Reason for Referral | 42349-1 |
| 606097 | Specimen | 31208-2 |
| 606098 | Source | 85298-8 |
| 606099 | Method | 85069-3 |
| 606100 | Additional Information | 48767-8 |
| 606101 | Disclaimer | 62364-5 |
| 606102 | Released By | 18771-6 |
Reflex Tests
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPCDB | Probe, Each Additional (MPCDS) | No, (Bill Only) | No |